Google Glass In Orthopaedic And Spine Surgery

Abstract

Google Glass introduced a lightweight, monocular, head-mounted platform capable of point-of-view recording, wireless communication, and near-eye information display. These functions attracted early interest in orthopaedic and spine surgery, where surgeons must alternate attention among the operative field, fluoroscopic monitors, imaging, physiologic data, and trainees. This narrative review evaluates PubMed-indexed evidence concerning Google Glass and functionally related smart-glass systems in orthopaedic and spinal procedures. Early Google Glass studies demonstrated feasible hands-free recording, resident coaching, remote consultation, and display of fluoroscopic images. A cadaveric hand-fracture study reported shorter fixation time and fewer fluoroscopic images for selected fractures, whereas a randomized orthopaedic simulation trial found no objective advantage of video-assisted coaching over verbal coaching alone despite favorable learner perceptions. In spine surgery, Google Glass was convenient and lightweight for recording but provided lower image quality than dedicated action cameras. Later smart-glass studies reported marked reductions in head turning, feasible remote mentoring, and potential reductions in fluoroscopy exposure and surgeon fatigue. However, much of this later evidence involves devices other than Google Glass, small cohorts, simulation, or nonrandomized designs. Important barriers include limited battery life, image quality, display size, compatibility with loupes and radiation-protective eyewear, distraction, cybersecurity, consent, and uncertain clinical governance. Google ended sales and support of Glass Enterprise Edition in 2023, making the original device a historical platform rather than a current procurement option. Nevertheless, its evidence base established the principal use cases now being pursued with newer head-mounted displays. High-quality comparative trials should prioritize patient safety, technical accuracy, radiation dose, ergonomics, workflow, and cost effectiveness.